Piper Alpha Oil Rig – Exxon Valdez – Prestige Oil Spill – are some of the world’s most expensive maritime catastrophes



Piper Alpha Oil Rig - On July 6, 1988 Piper Alpha Oil Rig platform was engulfed in flames and eventually collapsed that lost the lives of 167 workers and resulting in 3.4 billion dollar in damages. The cause of accident was lack of communication at a shift change that leads to overlooked the absence of safety valve that were essential in preventing the build-up of liquid gas, the gas leaked and ignited.

Exxon Valdez - On March 24, 1989 Exxon Valdez hit Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound; its side split open and releasing 11 million gallons of crude oil. Cleanup cost 2.5 billion dollar.

Prestige Oil Spill - On November 13, 2002, during a storm off Galicia, Spain, one of the twelve tanks of the Prestige oil tanker burst while it is carrying 77,000 tons of heavy fuel oil. The tanker split into half releasing twenty million gallons of oil into the sea. The cleanup cost 12 billion dollar.    
  

PERSONAL MUSTER CARD

Personal Muster Card - contains information which are useful to crew members in an emergency situation. The following are information in the Personal Muster Card:

Crew number, etc., General Emergency Alarm signal, Fire alarn signal, Abandon ship signal, Muster (assembly) station, Emergency duties.

MUSTER LIST

Muster list must be located in places where it can be easily seen. Muster list tells you the following:


WHO YOU ARE
- Identifies all crews by name, number, rank, or a combination of both number and rank.

WHERE YOU GO - Identifies the muster stations (assembly stations) which are the designated places on the ship that personnel should go upon hearing the general emergency alarm signal.

WHAT TO DO - Either specific duties are assigned, such as preparations of boats, stairway guides etc., or crew will carry out duties as required - dependent on the nature of emergency.

ALARM SIGNALS

General Alarm - Consist of seven (7) or more short blast followed by one (1) long blast on the ship's whistle. (Instruction: Get ready)Boat Alarm - at least (7) short blast followed by one (1) long blast repeated on the ship's whistle. (Instruction: All to attend their station wearing life jacket)

Fire Alarm
- Continous blast of the whistle for a period of not less than 10 seconds followed by continous ringing of the general alarm. (Instruction: All to attend their stations bringing along their assigned fire fighting equipment)
Man Over Board Alarm - the letter "O" sounded at least four times on the ship's whistle followed by the same signal sounded on the fire bells. (Instruction: rescue boat crew to muster station immediately carrying the immersion suit)

ABANDONING SHIP
- The order to abandon ship is never given until the master judges it necessary. The ship is the safest survival craft, but if the ship's condition will put people's lives in great danger, abandoning it will be the best option.